![]() Tensile strength and fracture strain were improved with CBS addition in specimens printed at 90°, and better bonding between adjacent layers was achieved. Tensile strength increased when a raster angle of 0° was used, compared to specimens printed at 90°, due to the load direction. ![]() Mechanical tests showed high dependence of the mechanical properties on the 3D printing raster angle. This is caused by the increase in the amorphous structures present in the hemicellulose and lignin of the CBS. A reduction in both melting enthalpy and crystallinity percentage was identified. Thermal analysis exhibited decreased thermal stability when cacao bean shell (CBS) particles were added due to their lignocellulosic content. In addition, the warping effect, mechanical, and morphological analyses were performed on 3D printed specimens. The obtained composites were thermally and physically characterized. Thus, this work presents the development and characterization of a 3D printing filament based on recycled polypropylene and cocoa bean shells, which has not been explored yet. Recycling polymers and using agro-industrial wastes are measures that help to achieve a circular economy. Natural filler-based composites are an environmentally friendly and potentially sustainable alternative to synthetic or plastic counterparts.
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